Nguồn: [Ebook Việt Hoá] BONSAI and HOUSEPLANTS for Beginners – Anne Duval (Bonsai và Cây Cảnh trong nhà Houseplants cho người mới bắt đầu)
Biên tập: Dũng Cá Xinh (Tháng 08/2021)
Dịch: Huyền Nguyễn

English

1. Cây Phong Nhật Bản (Japanese Maple, Acer palmatum)

Japanese Maple (Acer palmatum) is chosen for bonsai mainly because of its lobed leaves, color and adaptability to the bonsai. There are also several variations, and the bonsai tree can be built in a variety of styles.

Position: Japanese Maple prefers a warm, airy position but should be put in a light shade during high midday heat to prevent damaged leaves. The Japanese Maple is resistant to frost even when trained as a bonsai, but should be protected from heavy frost (below-10 ° C/14 ° F).

2. Cây Bồ Đề (Bodhi tree, Ficus religiosa)

Did you know that Ficus religiosa was the tree under which Buddha received enlightenment? Because of this, it is commonly referred to as the holy fig, the peepal tree, and the Bo-tree. It’s an amazing bonsai.

Bodhi is a strong plant that grows rapidly and forms aerial roots. It has beautiful, polished, heart-shaped foliage that starts in bronze, which later turns into glossy green as the leaves mature. Even, in the bonsai community, the leaves can be easily reduced.

Position: As a tropical tree that loves the sun and the water. Place in a location that receives at least 6 hours of sunlight per day (the better) and protects against freezing temperatures.
Styles: Formal upright, Informal upright, Cascade, Semi-cascade, Broom, Rock-over-root, Slanting, Twin-trunk, Literati and Banyan styles.

3. Cotoneaster horizontalis

Cotoneaster horizontalis is often shaped in a cascade style or planted on a ground, so-called’ rock cotoneaster.’ It is a deciduous shrub that is suitable for bonsai cultivation because of its tolerant nature (very suitable for beginners), this looks great because of its long-lasting shade, it grows best in temperate regions.

Position: It can be grown in full sun or in partial shade, but flowers can better be grown in full sun. Frost protection is needed if long cold spells are expected.
Informal Upright, Slanting, Cascade, Semi-Cascade, Literati, Team planting, Saikei

4. Cây Bao Báp (Baobab)

A tall, giant, fabled African tree, the great baobab is truly adaptable to become a bonsai. Easy to grow and sustain in warm climates, the bonsai baobab tree needs to be kept in colder areas in winter. Read all about growing this beautiful tree here.

Position: When you live in a warm climate, just leave it in the light, the largest succulent in our world will grow. But if you live in a temperate zone, put the pot indoors in the winter.
Styles: broom, casual upright, baobab-style

5. Dẻ Gai Châu Âu (Common Beech, Fagus sylvatica)

This tall, magnificent tree becomes a small to medium-sized bonsai specimen, best shown in the shape of an upright vine. Young shoots can be quickly formed and in autumn the leaves turn bright green. Keep in mind that the beech tree is a fast grower that needs time to grow.

Position: Keep your beech tree bonsai in a semi-shaded position to full sun, providing a space that is shielded from the intense afternoon sun, especially in summer.
Styles: Group planting, Formal upright, Formal upright, Slanting, Cascade, Semi-Cascade.

6. Cây Hoàng Dương (Boxwood)

Boxwood can also become a bonsai, not only for hedging. Super adaptable to containers, every species of this genus is easy to maintain and grow and becomes a beautiful bonsai. If you’re going to make your first bonsai, try boxwood.

Position: The boxwood is an outdoor plant that is robust and durable and withstands both the sun and the rain, but in its natural environment it grows under the canopy of trees so that it is better to place the plant in partial sunlight. Since boxwoods do not withstand severe cold temperatures, they protect the plant in winter.
Styles: casual upright, minimal vertical, slanting.

7. Cây Lựu (Pomegranate)

Pomegranate is one of the nicest fruit trees and the simplest one to make a bonsai. Because it has a shallow root system, it adapts well to the environment of bonsai. This sturdy plant with an eye-catching bark, beautiful red flowers and colorful fruit looks gorgeous.

Position: It should be kept outdoors in full sun for the whole year except when the temperature falls below 41 F (5 C) to take the tree indoors in a bright position.
Styles: Informal Upright, Semi-Cascade, Multi-Trunk, Slanting, Deadwood and Twisted Trunk.

8. Cây Bách Xù (Juniper)

Junipers are one of the most common bonsai trees. It is a genus of more than 50 species of evergreen coniferous shrubs, of which “Juniper procumbens Nana” is very common among beginners who are just starting to make a bonsai tree. All junipers are easy to train and take care of and make a very beautiful bonsai.

Position: Junipers are unable to stay indoors. It’s best to put them in a sunny spot with the shade of the afternoon sun. Cover the tree once the temperature drops below 14 F in winter.
Styles: Junipers can be made in a variety of styles, including casual upright, slanting, semi-cascade, full-cascade, driftwood, twin and triple trunk.

9. Cây Si (Ficus retusa)

It’s possibly one of the most beautiful trees among tropical bonsai growers. Easy to design, immune to negligence and mistake, and probably the best plant for both beginners and experienced bonsai growers. You will learn the fundamentals of bonsai making experiments and shaping them in different styles.

Position: Keep it in partial sunlight when rising in warm climates. You can also keep it indoors, particularly in a cool temperate climate, in a well-lit spot, but out of direct sunlight.
Styles: Formal upright, Informal upright, Slanting, Cascade, Semi-cascade, Broom, Rock-over-root, Clasp-to-rock, Twin-trunk, Clump, Sinuous, Straight Line, Team planting, Saikei.

10. Cây Sanh (Ficus benjamina)

Benjamin Ficus (Ficus benjamina) is one of the most common plants you should consider. It is a magnificent evergreen tree that makes a wide canopy of fine branches cascade down to the ground, giving it the name of the weeping fig.

Position: It can be grown outdoors or indoors on a window sill that gets bright light.
Styles: Formal upright, Cascade, Semi-cascade, Broom, Rock-over-root, Informal upright, Slanting, Twin-trunk, Clump and Team planting

11. Cây Phỉ Thúy (Jade Plant, Crassula ovata)

Jade tree (Crassula ovata) is a succulent plant with dense, pulpy stems and leaves. Jade is an easy-to-care evergreen bonsai. Its hardness and thick trunk give it a quick, mature look.

Position: Jade tree can be grown indoors, although it loves sunny areas and high temperatures. Keep temperatures above 41 F (5 C) or all the time.
styles: It can be trained in a variety of styles, including casual upright, clump, slanting and rock-root.

12. Cây Bằng Lăng Nước (Crape Myrtle, Lagerstroemia speciosa)

Crape myrtle is one of the finest bonsai trees. The key features are the elegant branch shape, the showy flowers of yellow, white or purple, and over it shed outer layers of bark from time to time, and the color of the underlying bark can vary from black, rusty brown to almost red.

Position: Crepe Myrtle loves the full sun for flower creation. Although it can be kept indoors on a sunny window. In winter, keep the temperature between 45-54 F and low light to promote dormancy. Move it back to good light in the spring when buds start to swell.
Styles: Cascade, slanting, root over rock, casual upright, rounded trunk can be made of this tree.

13. Cây Trà Phúc Kiến (Fukien tea, Carmona retusa)

One of the best plants, Fukien Tea is a great addition to any bonsai set that makes a great little indoor bonsai. The thin, dark-green, shiny leaves have tiny white dots on it. Small white flowers bloom all year round, sometimes producing tiny red berries.

Position: Fukien Tea is an indoor bonsai but can be kept outside in warm climates all year round. It wants a warm, sunny place in the building. The perfect temperature is between 50 and 75 degrees Fahrenheit.
Styles: It’s well suited for the casual straight, broom and literate.

14. Cây Du Tàu (Chinese elm, Ulmus parvifolia)

One of the most stunning elms, this East Asian plant quickly becomes a magnificent bonsai. The perfect plant is extremely accommodating and doesn’t mind daily pruning and styling.

Position: Keep the plant in a position that receives the sun in the morning and in the evening, if necessary. Chinese elm can withstand a wide range of temperatures, but it doesn’t like cold drafts.
Styles: Broom, Informal, Cascade, Semi Cascade

15. Cây Hoa GIấy (Bougainvillea)

Bougainvillea is one of the best bonsai plants in the world. So colorful and delicate, its vibrant, multi-colored, papery flowers are attractive, appearing incessantly, particularly in favorable climates. Bougainvillea is growing fast, its branches are easy to wire and can be made in almost any fashion.

Position: Place in a place that receives at least 5-6 hours of sunlight. Secure it against freezing temperatures.
Styles: Bougainvillea is appropriate for any traditional style of bonsai except the formal upright style.

16. Cây Ngũ Gia Bì Chân Chim Lùn (Dwarf Schefflera, Schefflera Arboricola)

Dwarf Schefflera (Schefflera arboricola) is one of the most common bonsai indoor trees. It’s easy to grow, dry and difficult to kill, making it a perfect bonsai plant for beginners. It’s easy to train and shape aerial roots, it’s very good to make a dramatic bonsai style banyan.

Position: Place your dwarf Schefflera bonsai in bright, indirect light and shield from direct sunlight. It can thrive in low light conditions as well.
Styles: Banyan, Informal Upright, Cascade, Semi-Cascade, Stone over-root, Clasped-to-rock, Clump, Team planting.

17. Cây Đa (Indian Banyan, Ficus benghalensis)

Banyan tree, which is also called “Bargad / Bar” in the local language is the national tree of India. It is one of the largest tree species in the world. The tree sheds its aerial roots, and as soon as these roots reach the ground, they develop into a woody trunk. The tree naturally looks aged and becomes a great bonsai specimen.

Position: The tree needs a dry, humid climate to survive. When you live in a cool climate, you can try to grow it carefully in the winter. Place the plant in a place that receives sunlight all day long, but shade in the evening.
Style: Banyan style, Informal upright, Cascade style, Semi-Cascade style.

18. Cây Sứ Sa Mạc (Adenium)

The thick bulbous trunk, the bright blooms and the glossy foliage make the Adenium a perfect tree for bonsai. This flowering tree produces quick and natural bonsai with minimal effort.

Position: requires a sunny position shielded from the wind. If growing in a non-tropical climate, take the tree inside and keep the temperature at about 50 degrees Fahrenheit in winter.
Style: Informal Upright, Twin Trunk, Slanting, Cascade, Baobab type.

19. Cây Ô lưu (Olive)

Olive bonsai is easy to take care of and very sturdy, so it is a good choice for bonsai use. They have a smooth trunk and a strong branch structure that makes them a beautiful bonsai.

Position: Hardy in zone 9, an olive tree can be successfully grown as an indoor plant, but it’s best to keep it outdoors in full sun.
Style: Formal upright, Informal upright, Slanting, Cascade, Semi-cascade, Rock-over-root, Clasped-to-rock, Twin-trunk, Clump, Straight Line, Team planting, Saikei.

20. Cây hoa Đỗ Quyên (Azalea)

Azalea is a must-have Bonsai that looks incredibly stunning. It is renowned for its growth habit and bountiful flowers that come in many different colors, forms, sizes and designs. It requires a lot of upkeep and well-growing acid soil.

Position: Azalea wants to be outside in a sunny spot that gets shade in the afternoon to grow its beautiful blossoms.
Styles: Root-over-rock, Informal Upright, Slanting, Semi-Cascade, Windswept, Multiple Trunks.

21. Cây Ổi (Guava)

Not very common, but the guava tree is an excellent bonsai and does not require too much care or maintenance. It’s even possible to make it grow fruits that make a stunning display.

Position: The guava is a tropical plant and should therefore be put outside in a sunny spot. If you live in a temperate zone, keep your bonsai indoors in winter.
Stye: Informal Upright, Formal Upright, Slanting, Semi-Cascade, Broom

22. Cây Thông (Pine)

The pines are making a beautiful bonsai. These are not suitable for beginners, however. Pines are classic bonsai trees, and their rugged, rough bark and trunk make them look mature.

Position: Position the pine outdoors in full sun, where the air circulation is great.
Style: Formal upright, Informal upright, Slanting, Cascade, Semi-cascade, Literate, Rock-over-root, Clasped-to-rock, Twin-trunk, Clump, Team planting, Saikei.

Tiếng Việt

1. Cây Phong Nhật Bản (Japanese Maple, Acer palmatum)

Cây Phong Nhật Bản (Acer palmatum) được chọn làm bonsai chủ yếu là vì thùy lá, màu sắc và khả năng thích nghi tốt của nó. Ngoài ra còn có một số biến thể khác, cây bonsai có thể uốn được theo nhiều kiểu dáng khác nhau.

Vị trí: Cây Phong Nhật Bản ưa nơi ấm áp, thoáng mát nhưng vào những buổi trưa nhiệt độ cao nên đặt nó trong bóng râm để tránh hư hỏng lá. Cây Phong Nhật Bản có khả năng chịu sương giá ngay cả khi đã được làm thành bonsai, nhưng nếu sương giá quá dày (dưới -10°C / 14°F) thì cần có các biện pháp bảo vệ.

2. Cây Bồ Đề (Bodhi tree, Ficus religiosa)

Bạn có biết cây Bồ Đề (Ficus religiosa) là loại cây mang đến sự giác ngộ cho Đức Phật không? Chính vì thế, nó thường được gọi là cây Sung thần, cây Giác Ngộ và cây Bồ. Đây là loại cây làm bonsai rất đẹp.

Bồ Đề là loại cây khỏe, phát triển nhanh và hình thành rễ trên không. Lá cây hình trái tim, đẹp và bóng, khi còn non lá cây có màu đồng, sau đó chuyển sang màu xanh mướt khi lá trưởng thành. Thậm chí, trong giới chơi bonsai, lá có thể dễ bị tiêu giảm.

Vị trí: Là cây nhiệt đới ưa nước và nắng. Nên đặt cây ở những nơi nhận được ít nhất 6 tiếng ánh sáng mặt trời/ngày (càng lâu càng tốt) và cần bảo vệ cây trước băng giá.
Kiểu dáng: Dáng Trực quân tử (Formal upright), dáng Trực lắc (Informal upright), dáng Huyền (Cascade), dáng Hoành (Semi-cascade), dáng Chổi (Broom), dáng Cây bám đá (Rock-over-root), dáng Nghiêng (Slanting), dáng Đôi (Twin-trunk), dáng Văn nhân (Literati) và dáng cây Đa (Banyan).

3. Cây bụi Cotoneaster ngang (Cotoneaster horizontalis)

Cây bụi Cotoneaster ngang (Cotoneaster horizontalis) thường được tạo hình theo kiểu thác đổ hoặc trồng dưới đất, được gọi là “đá cotoneaster” (rock cotoneaster). Đây là loại cây bụi rụng lá, phù hợp trồng làm bonsai vì đặc tính chống chịu tốt (rất thích hợp cho người mới bắt đầu), cây trông đẹp vì cho bóng râm dài, phát triển tốt nhất ở các vùng ôn đới.

Vị trí: Có thể trồng ở nơi nhiều nắng hoặc râm một phần, nhưng cây sẽ cho hoa đẹp nếu phát triển ở nơi có nhiều nắng. Cần bảo vệ cây trước các đợt lạnh kéo dài.
Kiểu dáng: Dáng Trực lắc (Informal Upright), dáng Nghiêng (Slanting), dáng Thác đổ (Cascade), dáng Hoành (Semi-Cascade), dáng Văn nhân (Literati), dáng Rừng (Team planting), dáng Saikei.